Imagine building your own basic text editor right inside a web page—where users can type, highlight, and style text using buttons like bold, italic, or even insert a link.

To achieve this, HTML gives us contenteditable, and JavaScript gives us document.execCommand().

Let’s look at both.

✨ contenteditable: Making Elements Editable

contenteditable is a super cool HTML attribute that turns any HTML element into a mini editor.

<div contenteditable="true">You can edit this text directly!</div>

That’s all it takes! Now that <div> becomes a rich text box. The user can click, type, and edit just like in Word or Google Docs.

🧙‍♂️ execCommand(): Applying Formatting Commands

Now you might be thinking, “But how do I make text bold or change alignment?”

Enter document.execCommand().

Here’s how it works:

document.execCommand("bold");

This will bold the currently selected text inside a contenteditable element. You can also do:

document.execCommand("italic");
document.execCommand("underline");
document.execCommand("insertText", false, "Hello, Ekene!");

🛠 Sample Mini Text Editor

Let’s build a simple demo.

<div contenteditable="true" id="editor">
  Type something here...
</div>

<button onclick="document.execCommand('bold')">Bold</button>
<button onclick="document.execCommand('italic')">Italic</button>
<button onclick="document.execCommand('underline')">Underline</button>

Each button applies a formatting style to the selected text. Simple and intuitive!

🧪 Common Commands You Can Use

Command What it does
bold Toggles bold formatting
italic Toggles italic formatting
underline Toggles underline
insertText Inserts text at the cursor
createLink Turns text into a hyperlink
justifyCenter Centers the paragraph
foreColor Changes the text color
hiliteColor Changes background color

Here’s how you create a link:

document.execCommand('createLink', false, 'https://firstac.com');

Just make sure the user has selected some text before running this command.

⚠️ Heads Up: execCommand() is Deprecated!

As cool as this API is, it’s deprecated in most browsers—which means it may be removed in future versions. It still works, but if you’re building production-level editors, consider using libraries like:

✅ Review and Practice Questions

  1. What does contenteditable="true" do in an HTML element?
  2. How would you make the selected text italic using JavaScript?
  3. Create a contenteditable paragraph and two buttons: one to bold text and another to underline it.
  4. Why is execCommand() considered deprecated, and what are some modern alternatives?
  5. What happens if you call execCommand("createLink") without selecting any text?
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